The trick to photographing the moon is you need big glass and you need to remember how it is lit. Ignore the fact it is nigh. Ignore the blackness of the sky. If you want to see the details in the moon expose it the way you would anything else lit by the sun.
Use daylight exposures to start with. The surface of the moon is lit by the sun, so expose that way.
This shot is done with a Nikon D7100 (1.5x crop sensor) on a Nikon 300mm f/2.8 lens with a 1.4 teleconverter. Essentially it is a 630mm f/4 lens.
