The hedge is : hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), helzen tar, hessel tar, holmbeam, yoke beech or orb-beam.
I`ve tried to find out what cause the knobblt but could n`t find a reason for it.
Like you, I have no idea what causes them, but someone up here has two at the entrance to their driveway, and they look like little fat people! They put scarves & hats on them in the winter!
Ian