This is the underside of a fern leaf or frond (Phlebodium aureum, family Polypodiaceae). The dots are “sori” (singular, “sorus”). Each sorus will eventually contain many spores, which will allow the fern to reproduce.
See http://www.hardyferns.org/fern-info-propagation.php
Thanks to Karen for explaining this! And all those times there were ferns with these “dots” among the roses I bought for Clare over the years? I thought the ferns were diseased or infested with something!
Retired economics professor (“dismal scientist”). Married 40+ years to the love of my life; we have two grown daughters, both married, two granddaughters and a...