Right now it is -5 F degrees with a wind chill of -18f.
So back to the badlands in September. At one time the badlands were covered by a shallow sea, then by a jungle whose tree roots broke up the shale and the decaying plants produced a yellow soil. About 37 million years ago sediment from the west washed over the jungle. But the jungle grew once again converting the new sediment into a red soil. The red and yellow soils were buried again and fossilized.
